Article

Melasma

Melasma is a form of hyperpigmentation characterized by brown or grey patches on the face resulting from overproduction of melanin.

The primary trigger for increased melanin production in melasma is hormonal changes, which can be exemplified by cases like that of actress Sophia Loren [1]. Estrogen and progesterone level increases can stimulate melanocytes, which are pigment-producing cells, leading to excessive melanin formation (see melanin). This explains why many cases occur during pregnancy or with the use of birth control pills.

Causes

  • Hormonal changes:

    • Estrogen: Increases during hormonal therapies and oral contraceptive use. It stimulates melanocytes via estrogen receptors, leading to increased tyrosinase activity. [Link]
    • Progesterone: Often acts synergistically with estrogen or independently can trigger melasma in some individuals.

  • Sun exposure: Ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun activates melanocortin receptors on melanocytes, stimulating tyrosinase enzyme activity and resulting in more melanin production. This worsens existing melasma by darkening the patches and also contributes to new lesions forming. [Link]

    • The condition is often exacerbated during summer months or with inadequate sun protection.

  • Genetic predisposition: Research indicates that certain individuals have a genetic susceptibility to developing melasma. This interacts with hormonal influences and sun exposure. Those with family members having higher rates likely carry specific genes increasing their risk. [Link]

    • Specific gene variants (e.g., in the MC1R or COMT genes) have been associated.

Cultural Context

Melasma, often referred to as the "mask of pregnancy," is prevalent among individuals with Mediterranean heritage. This condition, characterized by brown or gray patches, is influenced by hormonal changes and sun exposure. Cultural perceptions of melasma vary, with some viewing it as a natural marker of life stages, while others seek treatments to align with beauty standards.

Related Topics

References:

[1] "Mediterranean curves" - a feature often associated with individuals like Sophia Loren, who exemplify the hormonal triggers of melasma.