Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance in the vaginal microbiome, particularly a reduction in protective Lactobacillus species and an overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria such as Gardnerella vaginalis.

Symptoms

• Thin, gray or white vaginal discharge
• Fishy odor, especially after intercourse
• Vaginal irritation or itching

Causes

• Disruption of the vaginal microbiome (e.g., antibiotics, douching, hormonal changes)
• Reduced Lactobacillus dominance
• Increased vaginal pH

Health Implications

• Increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
• Complications during pregnancy (preterm birth, low birth weight)
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Treatment

• Antibiotics (metronidazole or clindamycin)
• Probiotics to restore Lactobacillus balance

Prevention

• Avoid douching
• Practice safe sex
• Maintain good hygiene

Related Topics

• vaginal_microbiome
• lactobacillus
• yeast infection