Article
Depression
Depression is a common mental health disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities. Women are nearly twice as likely as men to experience depression, especially during periods of hormonal change (puberty, pregnancy, postpartum, menopause).
Symptoms
- Persistent sadness or low mood
- Loss of interest or pleasure in activities
- Fatigue or low energy
- Changes in appetite or weight
- Sleep disturbances (insomnia or hypersomnia)
- Difficulty concentrating
- Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
- Thoughts of death or suicide
Causes and Risk Factors
- Genetics and family history
- Hormonal fluctuations (menstrual cycle, pregnancy, postpartum, menopause)
- Chronic stress or trauma
- Medical conditions (chronic pain, thyroid disorders)
- Social isolation or lack of support
Types of Depression
- Major depressive disorder (MDD)
- Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
- Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
- Postpartum depression
- Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
Management and Treatment
- Psychotherapy (cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy)
- Medication (antidepressants)
- Lifestyle changes (exercise, nutrition, sleep hygiene)
- Support groups and counseling
- Addressing underlying medical or hormonal issues
Impact on Women's Health
Depression can affect all aspects of life, including relationships, work, and physical health. It is often linked to anxiety, insomnia, and chronic pain. Women may experience depression related to reproductive health, body image, and societal expectations.