Double Empathy Theory
Double Empathy Theory
The double empathy theory proposes that communication difficulties between autistic and non-autistic people are mutual, not one-sided. Rather than autistic people lacking empathy, both groups may struggle to understand and empathise with each other due to fundamentally different experiences and perspectives.
Why it matters
This theory challenges the stereotype that autistic people inherently lack empathy, and reframes social challenges as a two-way street. It encourages writers to show both neurodivergent and neurotypical perspectives, and to avoid pathologising difference.
Writing Tips
- Show misunderstandings as arising from both sides, not just the autistic character.
- Use internal monologue to reveal how each character interprets the other's behaviour.
- Highlight moments of connection and rapport between neurodivergent characters.
Example
Example "She thought his silence meant disinterest, but in his mind, he was listening intently—waiting for a pause to speak. Their words kept missing each other, like dancers out of step." Why it works: This shows both perspectives and the mutual nature of misunderstanding.
Common Pitfalls
- Portraying only the autistic character as socially inept or unempathic.
- Ignoring the role of context, culture, or neurotype in communication.