Article

Objectification Theory

Objectification theory is a framework in feminist psychology that examines the consequences of living in a culture that sexually objectifies the female body. Developed by Barbara Fredrickson and Tomi-Ann Roberts in 1997, the theory explores how repeated experiences of sexual objectification can lead women and girls to internalize an observer's perspective of their own bodies—a process known as self-objectification.

Key Concepts

  • Sexual Objectification: Treating a person solely as an object of sexual desire, without regard to their personality or dignity.
  • Self-Objectification: Internalizing an outsider's view, leading individuals to habitually monitor their own appearance.
  • Dehumanization: Objectification is a form of dehumanization, reducing a person to their body or body parts.

Psychological and Social Effects

  • Body Surveillance: Chronic self-monitoring of appearance, often leading to anxiety and shame.
  • Body Shame: Feeling inadequate or ashamed when one's body does not meet cultural ideals.
  • Disordered Eating: Increased risk of eating disorders and unhealthy weight control behaviors.
  • Sexual Dysfunction: Difficulty experiencing sexual pleasure due to self-consciousness.
  • Mental Health Risks: Higher rates of depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem.

Gender and Intersectionality

While objectification theory primarily addresses the experiences of women and girls, it can also apply to men and gender-diverse individuals, especially in contexts where their bodies are sexualized or commodified. Intersectional factors such as race, sexuality, and age can intensify or alter the experience of objectification.

Writing Tips

  • Show how characters internalize or resist objectification.
  • Explore the impact of body surveillance and shame on desire, pleasure, and agency.
  • Use internal monologue to reveal self-objectification or moments of resistance.

Related Topics

See also: Sexual Objectification, Dehumanization